The Diabetes Epidemic - 895 Words

Diabetes ranks in as the seventh leading cause of death in the United States (FastStats, 2013).This disorder is known to be common, disabling and deadly. There are multiple types of diabetes including: type I, type II, and gestational diabetes (Diabetes, 2011).Diabetes is a lifelong disorder that has no known cure but with proper care can be kept under control for the affected person’s entire life. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder (NDIC).When a person is diagnosed with diabetes it means their body cannot use or store glucose properly because of a lack of insulin, an inability to use insulin, or both (Diabetes, 2011). Glucose, or sugar, is the main source of fuel for the body and is present every time food is digested. When glucose is†¦show more content†¦Type II is usually common in older adults, people with obesity and is known to run in families (Diabetes, 2011).The symptoms are similar to type I but can develop overtime. Also, some people may never even experience a symptom (NDIC). Unlike type I, type II diabetes can be prevented by healthy eating habits and exercise. It may be managed with the same techniques of preventing it, however; some medication may be needed as well, such as insulin (Diabetes, 2011). The third main type of diabetes is gestational. This is the onset of diabetes when a woman is pregnant, which affects 3-8% of pregnant women. This type of diabetes often disappears after the woman gives birth; though woman who do develop gestational diabetes have a 40-60% chance of developing type II diabetes within 10 years (NDIC). Gestational diabetes can cause many issues for both mother and baby during pregnancy (Management). An increased risk of preeclampsia and cesarean delivery are often side effects of gestational diabetes for the mother; while in the baby macrosomia, birth trauma and hypoglycemia can occur (Management). Also, there have been many studies on the link between gestation diabetes and perinatal mortality, however; the results have been inconsistent. The treatment for gestational diabetes is a healthy diet and monitoring blood sugars and in someShow MoreRelatedThe Epidemic Of Obesity And Diabetes Essay1432 Words   |  6 Pagesfuture will successfully curb the wo rldwide epidemics of obesity and diabetes, at least according to Margaret Chan, the director general of the World Health Organization (WHO) – a person who should know. Virtually zero is the likelihood, Chan said at the National Academy of Medicine’s annual meeting in October, that she and her many colleagues worldwide will successfully prevent ‘a bad situation’ from ‘getting much worse’. That Chan also described these epidemics as a ‘slow-motion disaster’ suggests theRead MoreDiabetes : A Growing Epidemic Essay1940 Words   |  8 Pageseveryone knows someone diagnosed with Diabetes. Diabetes is a growing epidemic in New Zealand which affects thousands of our adults and children. It is known that the population of people living in poorer neighbours are two times more likely to have diabetes than people in wealthier neighbourhoods. With healthcare costs on the fast track to be in the billions by 2021, this fact could become much mo re of a problem. Communities need to be educated about Diabetes early to ensure that people can dealRead MoreDiabetes Is A Rising Epidemic Essay756 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes is a rising epidemic that is largely due to the increasing rates of obesity, especially in young adults (Oram et al., 2016). Thus, it is becoming more difficult to discern between type 1 and type 2 diabetes in this population, which can lead to inappropriate treatment administration. Classification of diabetes subtypes is the first step in determining an individual’s course of treatment, thus accuracy is imperative. 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Type two diabetes alters an individuals’ life forever; therefore, people should beware the danger of an unhealthy lifestyle even before diagnosis (Zimmet). Type two diabetes is a condition in which the body either creates too little insulin, or cannot appropriatelyRead MoreDiabetes Epidemic Of Todays Youth1644 Words   |  7 PagesDiabetes Epidemic in Today’s Youth According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the rate of childhood obesity has doubled in children and quadrupled in adolescents in the past 30 years (â€Å"Childhood Obesity Facts†). With increasing rates of childhood obesity, it’s not a surprise that diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases found among children in the United States today (â€Å"Diabetes in Youth†). In fact, according to the American Diabetes Association, an estimated 208,000Read MoreType 2 Diabetes: An Epidemic1192 Words   |  5 Pagesa silent, deadly killer that often escapes blame. It is type 2 diabetes. According to the World Health Organization, 347 million people have diabetes worldwide, and 90-95% of these cases are type 2 diabetes. To make matters worse, it is estimated that around 25% of all cases go undiagnosed before it is too late. Even then, one’s death is often attributed to other things such as heart disease, stroke, or kidney failure. Type 2 d iabetes is a serious disease that causes the body to become insulin resistantRead MoreType  ­ 2 Diabetes : An Epidemic1426 Words   |  6 PagesType ­2 Diabetes is an epidemic, increasingly affecting the lives of people almost of all ages as it becomes more known among youth and is even affecting our unborn. Diabetes in New Zealand as stated by the ‘Ministry of Health New Zealand’ has been recorded in December, 2013 that over 240,000 people have been diagnosed with mostly Type ­2 Diabetes and it is said that around 100,000 more may have not been diagnosed yet. This is becoming a crisis because around 5.4% of the population has it, with itRead MoreDiabetes And Obesity A World Wide Epidemic Essay1216 Words   |  5 PagesDiabesity - Diabetes and Obesity a World Wide Epidemic Diabetes and obesity have become a worldwide epidemic affecting over 370 million people. These diseases have become known as Diabesity the combination of diabetes and obesity because between 80 and 90 percent of people diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes – the most common form of diabetes, are also diagnosed as being obese. The rise of Type 2 diabetes and obesity can be linked to the modern advances and conveniences that we all have grown to knowRead MoreType 2 Diabetes : A Growing Epidemic1775 Words   |  8 PagesLillian Soo Constance Farley ENGL101 MW 5:00 17 April 2017 Type 2 diabetes: A Growing Epidemic Many types of chronic diseases can have major tolls on individuals and their families. According to Merriam Webster, chronic is described as â€Å"Continuing or occurring again and again for a long time†. For many Americans chronic and acute diseases are a reality. As stated by Medicine.net, an acute disease is â€Å"Of abrupt onset, about a disease. Acute often also connotes an illness that is of short duration

Dualism and Artificial Intelligence - 1235 Words

Mind-body dualism is usually seen as the central issue in philosophy of the mind. The problem with mind-body dualism is that it is unknown whether the mind really is a separate entity from the human body as Descartes states in his argument, or whether the mind is the brain itself. Descartes believed that in a person existed two major components, the physical body and the nonphysical body which was called the mind or soul. As a scientist, Descartes believed in mechanical theories of matter, however, he was also very religious and did not believe people could merely be mechanical creatures that ran like â€Å"clockwork.† And so, it was Descartes who argued that the mind directed thoughts. To account for this, he split the world into two parts,†¦show more content†¦Turing, a physicalist, believed that artificial intelligence could be achieved in the future. Turing argued that the mind was merely due to the physical aspects of the brain and so a machine could one day be created that has a mind of its own, i.e. artificial intelligence. He created a test called the Turing Test to determine whether a machine has artificial intelligence. In the Turing Test, an interrogator asks two subjects a series of questions. One of the subjects is a person, the other is the computer. The goal is for the person to imitate a computer and the computer to imitate the person. If the interrogator is fooled into thinking that the computer is the human then the computer, according to Turing, is concluded to have the ability to think and thus, have a mind. Turing argued that machines passing the Turing Test were sufficient for ascribing thought. There were those who did not agree with Turing’s belief that computers would one day pass the Turing Test or that artificial intelligence could be created. A philosopher by the name of Lady Lovlace challenged Turing’s theory. She argued that machines could never learn and adapt and so nothing creative could ever come from a machine. She claimed that machinesShow MoreRelatedEssay Star Trek: the Next Generation â€Å"the Measure of a Man†614 Words   |  3 Pagesthe mind or body problem that was exhibited by Piccard in the synopsis from Star Trek: The Next Generation was the Dualism view. Picard stated that, â€Å"Data has rights among them the right to refuse to undergo an experimental procedure such as this.† Here, Picard ascribes both physical and mental attributes to the robot (Data). This view correlates to Hasker (1983) statement that, â€Å"Dualism begins by taking quite seriously the fact that human beings have both physical properties and mental p roperties†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Read MoreDefinition : Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence )1099 Words   |  5 PagesDefinition (intelligence, Artificial Intelligence) American psychologist Lewis M. 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Without it theRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Is The Dominant Theory1792 Words   |  8 Pages Artificial intelligence is intelligence exhibited by machines or software. Artificial intelligence also studies how people create computers that are capable or preforming an intelligent behavior, like a human (Business Dictionary). To back up artificial intelligence, there is functionalism. Hilary Putman developed functionalism in the 1970’s, which is still the dominant theory in todays’ society. Functionalism states that having a mind does not require a brain and mental states can be realizedRead MorePhilosophy Essay722 Words   |  3 PagesPhilosophy of psychology also closely monitors contemporary work conducted in cognitive neuroscience, evolutionary psychology, and artificial intelligence, for example questioning whether psychological phenomena can be explained using the methods of neuroscience, evolutionary theory, and computation al modeling, respectively. Although these are all closely related fields, some concerns still arise about the appropriateness of importing their methods into psychology. Some such concerns are whetherRead MoreArtificial Intelligence : The Nature Of Consciousness2228 Words   |  9 PagesFor years, Artificial Intelligence has posed the question, what it means to be human, and more specifically the nature of consciousness. When confronted with the issue of the relationship between the mind and the body, the most likely argument is that both exist independently of each other but have a two-way relationship. However, recent advancements in machine learning, the technical algorithms that make up artificial intelligence, have suggested that this is not true. It is important to exploreRead MoreA Relationship Between Physical Properties And Mental Properties1399 Words   |  6 Pagesthoughts emerged: Monism and Dualism. People who subscribe to monism believe physical properties, such as c olor and location, as well as mental properties, such as emotions and beliefs, are all one entity. Materialisms, the most popular form of monism, claims that everything mental is also physical. On the other end of the spectrum, Dualists believe that physical and mental properties are two separate entities. This paper will address the merits of interactionist substance dualism (interactionism) and epiphenomenalistRead More How The Brain Works Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pagesthat sweep through the entire brain (Blakeslee, 1995a). These findings are a serious implication to Dualism because it states the mind is not physical. If the mind is not physical, it cannot affect the physical body, so the Dualist theory of two-sided interactions between the body and mind are false. The aforementioned argument is supported by many other scientific facts and objections against Dualism. For example, phantom pain is a well-known phenomenon in medicine. When people lose a limb, theyRead MoreArguments Against Physical Machines Jenna Beran1280 Words   |  6 PagesArguments Against Physical Machines Jenna Beran In A Contemporary Defense of Dualism, J. P. Moreland challenges the problem of mind and body. He uses the terms intentionality and subjectivity to argue that humans are not physical machines. Subjectivity is the opinions and feelings from experience that is unique to the individual. Intentionality describes how thought can be directed on a particular object. This is consciousness. These terms are what make human beings distinct from physical machinesRead MoreCan a Computer Have a Mind?1158 Words   |  5 Pageshave a mind? This question has been debated for decades by philosophers, mathematicians, physicists etc. Alan Turing, a mathematician, he first addressed the issue of artificial intelligence in his 1950 paper, Computing machinery and intelligence, and proposed an experiment known as the â€Å"Turing Test†Ã¢â‚¬â€an effort to create an intelligence design standard for the tech industry. He also said, â€Å"if we cannot distinguish between the answers a computer gives t o questions and the answers a human gives, then

Hernan Cortes Essay Research Paper Conquering of free essay sample

Hernan Cortes Essay, Research Paper Conquest of the Aztec Empire # 8220 ; There is no manner but up, there is no retreat. We must travel frontward to Mexico and see if this great Montezuma is every bit great as he proclaims himself to be # 8221 ; ( Chapter 2 ) . Cortes told his work forces this when they were sing mutiny because of enduring from lay waste toing febrilities and changeless Indian onslaughts. After Cortes # 8217 ; s powerful statement the work forces so cried out, # 8220 ; frontward, to Mexico, to Mexico # 8221 ; ( Chapter 2 ) . This was non, by any agencies Cortes # 8217 ; s first geographic expedition. He was a really experient crewman and conquistador. He sailed to Santa Domingo in the Spring of 1504, and subsequently in 1511 he joined with Diego Vel zquez in the conquering of Cuba where Vel zquez became the governor. Cortes wanted to return to the freshly discovered land of Mexico to research. His expedition to Mexico, as a conquistador in hunt of gold, resulted in the conquest of the Aztec Empi re and the decease of their emperor, Montezuma II. We will write a custom essay sample on Hernan Cortes Essay Research Paper Conquering of or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Vel zquez did non desire to give him bid of the mission for fright that he would decline to stay under Cuban authorization so he canceled Cortes # 8217 ; s committee. However, Cortes was determined to make Mexico and set canvas in malice of Vel zquez # 8217 ; s attempts. In the Spring of 1519 Cortes set off from Cuba on his expedition of 11 ships, five hundred and 50 soldiers, 16 Equus caballuss, and 14 pieces of heavy weapon. Cortes, unwittingly, was about to put off on an heroic escapade with himself being the perfect Machiavellian blend of will power and good fortune ( Chapter 1 ) . They reached Mexico far south of their finish so they sailed along the seashore of the Yucat n. # 8220 ; The fleet held its class so near the shore, that the dwellers could be seen on it ; as it swept along the weaving boundary lines of the gulf, the soldiers, who had been on the former expedition with Grijalva, pointed out to their comrades the memorable topographic points on the seashore # 8221 ; ( Prescott 1 ) . In March of 1519, the expedition reached the Mexican town of Tabasco. They learned from the native dwellers of the almighty Aztec Empire and their brilliant swayer Montezuma II. Montezuma was the 2nd grandson of the predating sovereign. He was elected to the imperial self-respect in 1502 over his older brothers because he processed superior makings as both a priest and a solider. The combination of a priest and a soldier was common for a individual of power in Mexico during the sixteenth and 17th centuries ( Prescott 4 ) . While in Tabasco, Cortes took many prisoners, including a immature native miss called Malinche. Cortezs and his work forces subsequently baptized her and gave her the name Marina. She was born in Painalla on the south-eastern boundary lines of the Ruling Empire. Marina acted as usher, translator, and kept woman to Cortes. Leaving Tabasco, they set canvas for a new seaport. The fleet landed a small North of San Juan, on Good Friday, where they es tablished a town that they called La Villa Rica de La Vera Cruz. The town is now known merely as Veracruz ( Wilkerson 1 ) . Cortes created an independent authorities and renounced authorization to Vel zquez, governor of Cuba. He so merely acknowledged the Spanish Crown. This was a really extremist act by Cortes and many of his work forces did non hold with him. To guarantee that word did non make back to Cuba and to maintain his work forces from abandoning he destroyed the full fleet of 11 ships. On August 16th, 1519, they began the March northwest to Tenochtitlan. The way in which they chose to go was a hard one taking beyond the mighty vents of Popocatepetl and Ixtaccihuatl ( Chapter 2 ) . As they marched toward the great Aztec Empire several 1000s of Indians from assorted folks joined in the opportunity to arise against the powerful Aztecs. Finally after Marching two hundred and 50 stat mis, they had realized their finish. # 8220 ; It was the amazing sight of the metropolis on t he lake: It seemed like an enchanted vision, this first glance of things neer heard of, seen, or even dreamed of before. # 8221 ; The metropolis was an island with beautiful places, surge ing temples, and interwoven avenues. Surrounding the metropolis was four square stat mis of lake doing the metropolis merely accessible by causeways. Cortezs and his ground forces followed the causeway that led into the metropolis. It was broad with walls on each side, and directly plenty to see from on terminal to another. Before making the metropolis they were met on the causeway by Montezuma and his two hundred Godheads ( Pagden 1 ) . Montezuma walked down the center of the way with Godheads on each side of him walking in lines one behind the other. Montezuma shockingly greeted him # 8220 ; Welcome, # 8221 ; he said, # 8220 ; we have been waiting for you. This is your home. # 8221 ; Montezuma believed that Cortes was Quetzalcoat. The fable follows that Quetzalcoat, a legendary god-king who was light-skinned and bearded, would one twenty-four hours return to the East. The Aztecs mistook Cortes for this God and proclaimed him their swayer. During the hebdomads which Cortes ruled the Aztecs he took Montezuma II as a surety, and forced him to curse commitment to Charles I, the male monarch of Spain, so the Aztecs would non follow him in cause of a rebellion. Cortes began telling Aztec symbols to be destroyed and to be replaced by Christian 1s ( Chapter 2 ) . Vel zquez had reached word of Cortes # 8217 ; s actions, and rapidly released an expedition of two 100 work forces to Mexico under the Spanish soldier Panfilo de Naravaez. After making word about Naravaez, in April of 1520, Cortes left about two hundred of his work forces at Tenochtitlan and gave bid to Pedro de Alvarado. Cortes and What remained of his work forces journeyed back to the seashore, and during the screen of the dark, captured Naravaez and finally persuaded many of the Spaniards to fall in them in suppressing the Aztecs. While Cortes was off Alvarado was non making good as commanding officer. His rigorous regulations forced the Aztecs, who greatly outnumbered the soldiers, to revolt. Upon Cortes # 8217 ; s return, he was allowed to come in the metropolis before the Aztecs launched their onslaught. In an attempt to repress the onslaught Cortes convinced Montezuma to ground with the angered Aztecs. His attempts were unsuccessful, in fact, he was stoned by his ain people and died three agonising yearss subsequently. Cuauhtemoc, Montezuma # 8217 ; s nephew and the rightful inheritor, gathered the Aztec forces and easy drove out the Spanish from the metropolis on the dark of June 30, 1520 ( Cortes 2 ) . Cortezs and his military personnels retreated back to Vera Cruz were they spent the summer forming their ground forces, retrieving from injures suffered, and deriving supports from all over Mexico. There were many vassal male monarchs, who one time owed commitment to the Emperor, who was now died, that gave support to the Spanish. After retrieving, Cortes # 8217 ; s ground forces pushed their manner back towards the metropolis of Tenochtitlan get the better ofing little groups of Aztec soldiers along their manner. Finally, on August 13, 1521, after three ghastly months of conflict, the blade and armour were winning against the Aztecs who new nil of western arms. Cuauhtemoc, the late appointed emperor, was captured and Tenochtitlan was conquered. The ruins of Tenochtitlan were wholly leveled and Cortes built upon it Mexico City. Settlers from Spain were brought to Mexico City to get down a settlement that would shortly turn into a bright metropolis. Cortezs gained instant popularity and celebrity. Not merely did he suppress new land, but because of him Spain gained all the wealths of the Aztec Empire. In 1523 Cortes was named the Captain General and governor of New Spain. 1528 brought on an probe of his Acts of the Apostless and he was forced to step down as governor of Mexico ( Cortes 2 ) . He was able to stay his rubric as Captain General of Mexico, but about all his belongings and ownerships were ceased by the Spanish Crown. A few old ages subsequently Cortes marries the girl of the count of Aguilar and in 1530 they return to Mexico. He and his married woman terminal of life in a little house in a little town, where he dies. Cortezs will ever be remembered a s an adventurer and conquistador who went to Mexico in hunt of gold and glorification and ended up suppressing the Aztec Empire.

Theological Foundations and the Liberal Artss Essay Example For Students

Theological Foundations and the Liberal Artss Essay Theological Foundations and the Liberal Arts Existence precedes essence. Holmes, 3, The existence of humans is valuable. We are here to fulfill what God has promised us. A person is reflective thinking being. Youth. Com. Ewe must look inside ones self to know the truth of what God has planned for you, and looking outside yourself make things whole. Christianity should be a part of life, Creation, the human person, truth and the cultural mandate are foundations of a Christian education. All creations are good cause God has created everything and everything is perfect. The Christian college focuses on Gods creation of everything because all things are made by God. The human person is meant to serve God in every capacity in life and in education. That God mad us in His own image reminds us that in vast universe that reflects Gods glory, humans are uniquely crowned with glory and honor. Holmes, 15. Everything we do as humans should be a reflection of God. All truths are all Gods truth, wherever it is found. Holmes, 17 If it is true in any object then it is Gods truth. Learning and reasoning is meant to merge with Gods truth. Our role is to be ambassadors Of Christ Gnosticism doesnt exist. Everyone had the power to know all. Lines between secular and sacred are nonexistence in a Christian. Secular colleges focus of education only, Secular colleges are only institutes for education. The rarely focus religion and are not faith based. Liberal educations at Christian coll eges intermingle faith and education in every aspect of our lives. We will write a custom essay on Theological Foundations and the Liberal Artss specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Ones entire self should be bettered in learning. Is the idea off Christian college, then, simply to offer a good education plus biblical studies in an atmosphere of piety? Holmes, 5 Caricatures to Christian college are often assumed to be a good education with prayer and bible study, Church or minister training is not a sole function. A distinctive Christian college integrates faith and learning. Every academic, sport, and extracurricular activity is based faith. Christian colleges take the act of learning and characteristics of faith and put them together. Christian colleges seek not compartmentalize aspects of Christian faith, but incorporate Christianity as a whole in student circle, training students to see all aspects of life as a Christian. There is no separation of faith and education. Liberal educations reinforce value of things and correctly places value upon things. TO be reflective is to be analytic. Holmes, 30. All that we are and do is to serve and reflect God.

Exploring Male and Female Non-verbal Forms of Communication Essay Example

Exploring Male and Female Non-verbal Forms of Communication Paper â€Å"We cannot not communicate†Ã¢â‚¬â€this is an established fact in human existence and separates humans from other mammals. Even in silence one sends a multitude of messages: with one’s gaze, facial expression, touch, posture, gestures, and the manner in which one distances himself from the person or persons being communicated with. Equally, one’s choice of clothing and color as well as his timing may say more than what he communicates with his words. Yet as one speaks, more is revealed with the quality of his voice (pitch, tone and intonation), the number and length of his utterances, and the presence or absence of disfluencies in his words and even in his choice of words. Although in most recent studies some communication specialists would separate characteristics attributed to voice as well as word choice as paraverbal communication (Windle and Warren, n. d. ), we will refer to the earliest considerations on the forms of communication—the verbal and the nonverbal (Ehninger, et al, 1982; Pace, Peterson, Burnett, 1979; Becvar, 1974). Whether these nonverbals are sent intentionally or otherwise, one is certain: they serve certain factors: 1) repeating (e. g. vocal utterance and other NVCs that are presumed to repeat what is said), substituting (e. g. shaking the head in disagreement or nodding in acceptance), complementing (to emphasize emotional feelings), regulating, accenting and either deceiving or revealing a person’s intent and real emotions with regards to the communication situation. We will write a custom essay sample on Exploring Male and Female Non-verbal Forms of Communication specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Exploring Male and Female Non-verbal Forms of Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Exploring Male and Female Non-verbal Forms of Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer How much of what one communicates is nonverbal? David Givens (2005) provides an estimate on this phenomenon: Communicating Without Words According to Kramer, 94% of our communication is nonverbal, Jerry (Seinfeld, January 29, 1998). Kramers estimates (like the statistics of anthropologist Ray Birdwhistell [65%; Knapp 1972] and of psychologist Albert Mehrabian [93%; 1971]) are hard to verify. But the proportion of our emotional communication that is expressed apart from words surely exceeds 99%. So much is said even with a very few words that one should have a better understanding of the NVCs to become an effective communicator, and in the process overcome misunderstanding. A number of factors must be considered in understanding this form of communication, namely: 1) the manner in which the nonverbal is sent (either be deliberately or unconsciously transferred); 2) gender (males vs. female); and 3) socio-cultural (Europeans vs. Asians; minority vs. majority). For this purpose, we shall focus our discussion on the effects of gender differences in the use of nonverbal communication. O’Carroll’s (2006) article reviews some of the studies devoted to understanding the effects of gender on an individual’s communication style, including that of Deborah Tannena’s book You Just Don’t Understand: Men and Women in Conversation, which has been in the New York’s list of bestseller for nearly four years and have been translated into 24 languages, implying that certain misconceptions (i. e. girls aren’t more social than boys, neither are they more suggestible, girls aren’t any better at learning off by heart, boys aren’t good at more abstract learning, girls don’t have lower self esteem and that girls lack motivation [Macoby and Jacklin]) why females or males in particular ways while in a communication situation are somehow culturally ingrained in an individual’s pyche. Communicating Without Words Somehow socio-cultural norms (including the roles both assigned and perceived to be attributed to a particular gender) General disparities between male and female communication styles have been described as debate vs. relate, report vs. rapport, or competitive vs. cooperative (Gender Differences in Communication, n. d. ). How these are either revealed or concealed through the nonverbals will likewise be explained. Earlier it was mentioned that several types of nonverbal communication are perceivable in every communicative act. This paper will however focus on only three of them: 1) proxemics or the use of space; 2) kinetics or bodily movements (including gestures; and 3) haptics (touching), which are the more obvious channel of the intended messages, especially in interpersonal communication. There are other levels of communication though: intrapersonal, group and public communication, but for this purpose our discussion will be limited to communication contexts that transpire between two individuals, which centralizes the focus of the message being sent, whether between two sexes or same sex transactions. Proxemics. Just as we communicate with words, so too we transmit messages by placing ourselves in certain spatial relationships, with other persons or objects. The study of these spatial factors—or how we react to the space around us, how we use that space, and how our use of space communicates a particular information—is known as proxemics. Edward T. Hall, a pioneer in the study of proxemics, specified four spatial zones of interpersonal communication (i. e. intimate, personal social and public distance). Communicating Without Words The amount of space a person is allowed in most instances communicates the status of the communicators in a specific communication transaction. Dr. Lilian (1992) concludes that males 1) tend to approach women more closely in terms of their personal space; 2) take up more physical space when sitting or standing, with arms and legs stretched out away from their body; and 3) assume more reclined positions when sitting and lean backward when listening. These observations were likewise echoed in a study conducted by Erica Christoper (n. d. ) Kinetics. The human body is so versatile that it may transmit a number of messages in a single communication transaction. Early researchers delineated body expressions according to the part of the body involved in sending a particular message – facial expression, trunk movements, hand gestures, etc. Empirical evidence also suggests that, in general, 1) women use more head movements than men; 2) smile more often than men; and 3) engages more in eye contact (as cited by Christopher, Ibid). Dr. Lilian on men’s use of facial expression, reports that: 1) They tend to cock their head to the side and look at the other person from an angle when listening; 2) They provide fewer facial expressions in feedback and fewer reactions; 3) They tend to display frowning and squinting when listening; and 4) They stare more in negative interaction (Ibid). Haptics. Everyone uses touch at times to emphasize a point, interrupt another person speaking, or just as a comforting gesture. How this form of nonverbal communication is used and studied given a particular communication situation, has been referred to by communication scholars as haptics. Although women are more likely to use Communicating Without Words touch as a form of communication, men have been found to be more likely to touch women, than women are to touch men (Ibid). These instances, although provide a general observation on male/female communication styles establish the apparent difference in nonverbal use by members of different genders nonetheless. How they differ (relative to social norms and other factors) and to what extent in specific communication context, still need much research. At this point, we rest our case in that we have been provided with the basic understanding on the nonverbal form of communication as affected by gender differences. References: Erica, Christopher. â€Å"Gender Differences in Non-Verbal Behavior: A Global Look at the Use of Passive and Active Nonverbal Cues in Same Sex and Cross-Gender Conversation. † Retrieved 01 April 2009 from Saint Anselm College Website: http://www. anselm. edu/internet/psych/theses/seniors2002/christopher/webpage. ht ml#Abstract Ehninger, Douglas; Gronbeck, Bruce E. ; McKerrow, Ray E. ; Monroe, Alan H. (1982). Principles of Speech Communication, 9th Edition. USA: Scott, Foresman and Company. Givens, David (c1997-2008). Nonverbal Communication. Center for Nonverbal Studies. Retrieved April 01, 2009 from http://members. aol. com/nonverbal2/nvcom. htm He Says, She Says: Closing the Communication Gap Between the Sexes. Dr. Lillian Glass. Putnam, 1992. in â€Å"Gender Differences in Communication,† (n. d. ) Communicating Without Words Retrieved April 01, 2009 from The Ladies Room Website: http://www. geocities. com/Wellesley/2052/genddiff. html O’ Carroll, Eileen. (September 11, 2006). â€Å"Men are from Earth, and so are Women. † Retrieved April 01, 2009 from Anarchistnews. org: http://anarchistnews. org/? q=node/668 Pace, Wayne R. ; Peterson, Brent D. ; Burnett, M. Dallas. (1979). Techniques for Effective Communication. Philippines: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. Windle, Rod and Warren, Suzanne. (n. d. ) â€Å"Communication Skills. † Collaborative Problem Solving and Dispute Resolution in Special Education: Training, an electronic manual Retrieved April 01, 2009 from http://www. directionservice. org/cadre/section4. cfm#Nonverbal%20Messages

Free Essays on Effects of the Fall

The Effects of the Fall The fall of man has produced many different effects that have changed our minds, bodies, spirituality, and emotions, causing mankind to become further from God’s original plan. The moment sin entered our lives; we (humans) became imperfect and unable to achieve the perfection that we lost. The word perfect means; blameless, exact, holy, flawless and sinless says The Writers Digest Dictionary. Adam and Eve shared the most intimate relationship with God. They put an end to that intimacy, when they both took a bite out of the forbidden fruit and caused the first sin. That original sin caused more to humanity than just the lost intimate relationship with God. In Henry Blocher’s book Original Sin, he quotes John Calvin writing of the definition of original sin is, ‘hereditary, depravity, and corruption of our nature, diffused into all parts of the soul, which first makes us liable to God’s wraith, then also brings forth in us those works which scripture calls â€Å"works of the flesh†(Gal. 5:19).’ After the sin the human race would change rapidly and noticeably. Before the fall of man, Adam was given many different duties by God. Adam was in charge of the naming of the animals in the world. If a person were to open a modern biology book and view the different names and families of the animal kingdom; that was Adams doing. He named all the birds of the air, the creatures of the earth, and the fish of the sea and put them into all different types of categories and classes. God made Adam a rational creature, gifted with the power of choice. After the fall of man, our minds have become tainted and almost even inactive. Sin has counteracted the normal development of reason and has also changed our minds to that we love darkness rather than the light (John 5:19). We have become so infatuated with delusions that we want error to the truth. The highest of intellects of men in their fallen cond... Free Essays on Effects of the Fall Free Essays on Effects of the Fall The Effects of the Fall The fall of man has produced many different effects that have changed our minds, bodies, spirituality, and emotions, causing mankind to become further from God’s original plan. The moment sin entered our lives; we (humans) became imperfect and unable to achieve the perfection that we lost. The word perfect means; blameless, exact, holy, flawless and sinless says The Writers Digest Dictionary. Adam and Eve shared the most intimate relationship with God. They put an end to that intimacy, when they both took a bite out of the forbidden fruit and caused the first sin. That original sin caused more to humanity than just the lost intimate relationship with God. In Henry Blocher’s book Original Sin, he quotes John Calvin writing of the definition of original sin is, ‘hereditary, depravity, and corruption of our nature, diffused into all parts of the soul, which first makes us liable to God’s wraith, then also brings forth in us those works which scripture calls â€Å"works of the flesh†(Gal. 5:19).’ After the sin the human race would change rapidly and noticeably. Before the fall of man, Adam was given many different duties by God. Adam was in charge of the naming of the animals in the world. If a person were to open a modern biology book and view the different names and families of the animal kingdom; that was Adams doing. He named all the birds of the air, the creatures of the earth, and the fish of the sea and put them into all different types of categories and classes. God made Adam a rational creature, gifted with the power of choice. After the fall of man, our minds have become tainted and almost even inactive. Sin has counteracted the normal development of reason and has also changed our minds to that we love darkness rather than the light (John 5:19). We have become so infatuated with delusions that we want error to the truth. The highest of intellects of men in their fallen cond...

Bojangles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bojangles - Essay Example Here in this place, his tap lessons were learned and became 'Bojangles'. In this particular place, he learned the ways to earn a living through dancing and entertaining in local beer gardens, worked as bootblack and danced in public passing a hat around. Here in this place, he experienced maturity against life's challenges which gave him the courage to go and explore possibilities. At age 12, he left Richmond and rode a freight train to Washington, DC. Starting his journey of self-sufficiency as race track worker, Robinson took the road in hard work. After the first taste of professional show business gig in The South before the War and enlisting himself during World War I serving as the drum major of the 369th Infantry Regiment, the so-called "Harlem Hellfighters.", Robinson was determined to be a performer. This foot-work driven undaunted by the then racial discrimination managed to catch the limelight of entertainment amidst the world of white racial dominance in New York City. Among his achievements, he became George W. Cooper's foil, became solo performer and became famous for his debut tap stair dance. To become a show headliner, some of his gimmicks planned together with his manager Marty Forkins include setting a world's record in the backwards 75-yard dash (in 8.2 seconds) beating athletes and won sports world attention. He was offered Broadway shows and was able to enrapture the audience with his performance. Such kind of performance even made its way to New York's 1939 World's Fair. His entertainment skills also provided him the means to invade film industry with the movie phenomenon Shirley Temple. Having grown in poor conditions but managed to live decently, Robinson was able to earn his living using his talents of entertainment, a skill he learned in his childhood. Having known poverty, he was kind hearted and had lived generously both in spending, gambling and in charity works. He was known to donate in kind and in deeds to several organizations and foundations and also in Richmond. His gambling addiction and unsystematic charity works were said to drain his wealth such that he died poor despite of his million dollars earnings during his more than fifty-year show business career. His interests in this lavish spending and gambling episodes can be traced back to the time when he was just a boy earning his penny and spending his time in corner streets. Though a compulsive gambler, he did not drink. Robinson's tasteful dressing was also one of the most notable characteristic. In his sixties, Robinson was far from a kid who tap danced to earn pennies; he had achieved wealth and fame in a racist society. Instead of opting for retirement he continued to perform. He lived a principle of hardwork in his performances, "what success I achieved in the theater is due to the fact that I have always worked just as hard when there were ten people in the house as when there were thousands. Just as hard in Springfield, Illinois, as on Broadway" to quote him. The circumstance in which he was forced into retirement even culminates in his major benefit for the American Heart Association, held at the Copacabana, in New York City, a month before his seventieth birthday. After doing extra, more vigorous steps than the standard routine, he suffered a massive heart attack backstage.