Dualism and Artificial Intelligence - 1235 Words

Mind-body dualism is usually seen as the central issue in philosophy of the mind. The problem with mind-body dualism is that it is unknown whether the mind really is a separate entity from the human body as Descartes states in his argument, or whether the mind is the brain itself. Descartes believed that in a person existed two major components, the physical body and the nonphysical body which was called the mind or soul. As a scientist, Descartes believed in mechanical theories of matter, however, he was also very religious and did not believe people could merely be mechanical creatures that ran like â€Å"clockwork.† And so, it was Descartes who argued that the mind directed thoughts. To account for this, he split the world into two parts,†¦show more content†¦Turing, a physicalist, believed that artificial intelligence could be achieved in the future. Turing argued that the mind was merely due to the physical aspects of the brain and so a machine could one day be created that has a mind of its own, i.e. artificial intelligence. He created a test called the Turing Test to determine whether a machine has artificial intelligence. In the Turing Test, an interrogator asks two subjects a series of questions. One of the subjects is a person, the other is the computer. The goal is for the person to imitate a computer and the computer to imitate the person. If the interrogator is fooled into thinking that the computer is the human then the computer, according to Turing, is concluded to have the ability to think and thus, have a mind. Turing argued that machines passing the Turing Test were sufficient for ascribing thought. There were those who did not agree with Turing’s belief that computers would one day pass the Turing Test or that artificial intelligence could be created. A philosopher by the name of Lady Lovlace challenged Turing’s theory. She argued that machines could never learn and adapt and so nothing creative could ever come from a machine. She claimed that machinesShow MoreRelatedEssay Star Trek: the Next Generation â€Å"the Measure of a Man†614 Words   |  3 Pagesthe mind or body problem that was exhibited by Piccard in the synopsis from Star Trek: The Next Generation was the Dualism view. Picard stated that, â€Å"Data has rights among them the right to refuse to undergo an experimental procedure such as this.† Here, Picard ascribes both physical and mental attributes to the robot (Data). This view correlates to Hasker (1983) statement that, â€Å"Dualism begins by taking quite seriously the fact that human beings have both physical properties and mental p roperties†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Read MoreDefinition : Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence )1099 Words   |  5 PagesDefinition (intelligence, Artificial Intelligence) American psychologist Lewis M. Terman and Edward L. Thorndike differed over the definition of intelligence, Terman stressing the ability to think abstractly and Thorndike emphasizing learning and the ability to give good responses to questions. More recently, however, psychologists have generally agreed that adaptation to the environment is the key to understanding both what intelligence is and what it does. Effective adaptation draws upon a numberRead MoreFree Will. In This Paper I Will Do An Introduction To And1765 Words   |  8 Pagesdiscovered the development of my thinking on free will as I have considered the arguments concerning dualism, artificial intelligence, determinism and existentialism. That this means is that I has went through and surveyed the growth of my reasoning on the concept of free will and how it all pans out. I have also contemplated on the disagreements on the subject of dualism, artificial intelligence, determinism and existentialism. Everyone has and nee ds to have free will to function. Without it theRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Is The Dominant Theory1792 Words   |  8 Pages Artificial intelligence is intelligence exhibited by machines or software. Artificial intelligence also studies how people create computers that are capable or preforming an intelligent behavior, like a human (Business Dictionary). To back up artificial intelligence, there is functionalism. Hilary Putman developed functionalism in the 1970’s, which is still the dominant theory in todays’ society. Functionalism states that having a mind does not require a brain and mental states can be realizedRead MorePhilosophy Essay722 Words   |  3 PagesPhilosophy of psychology also closely monitors contemporary work conducted in cognitive neuroscience, evolutionary psychology, and artificial intelligence, for example questioning whether psychological phenomena can be explained using the methods of neuroscience, evolutionary theory, and computation al modeling, respectively. 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People who subscribe to monism believe physical properties, such as c olor and location, as well as mental properties, such as emotions and beliefs, are all one entity. Materialisms, the most popular form of monism, claims that everything mental is also physical. On the other end of the spectrum, Dualists believe that physical and mental properties are two separate entities. This paper will address the merits of interactionist substance dualism (interactionism) and epiphenomenalistRead More How The Brain Works Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pagesthat sweep through the entire brain (Blakeslee, 1995a). These findings are a serious implication to Dualism because it states the mind is not physical. If the mind is not physical, it cannot affect the physical body, so the Dualist theory of two-sided interactions between the body and mind are false. The aforementioned argument is supported by many other scientific facts and objections against Dualism. For example, phantom pain is a well-known phenomenon in medicine. When people lose a limb, theyRead MoreArguments Against Physical Machines Jenna Beran1280 Words   |  6 PagesArguments Against Physical Machines Jenna Beran In A Contemporary Defense of Dualism, J. P. Moreland challenges the problem of mind and body. He uses the terms intentionality and subjectivity to argue that humans are not physical machines. Subjectivity is the opinions and feelings from experience that is unique to the individual. Intentionality describes how thought can be directed on a particular object. This is consciousness. These terms are what make human beings distinct from physical machinesRead MoreCan a Computer Have a Mind?1158 Words   |  5 Pageshave a mind? This question has been debated for decades by philosophers, mathematicians, physicists etc. Alan Turing, a mathematician, he first addressed the issue of artificial intelligence in his 1950 paper, Computing machinery and intelligence, and proposed an experiment known as the â€Å"Turing Test†Ã¢â‚¬â€an effort to create an intelligence design standard for the tech industry. He also said, â€Å"if we cannot distinguish between the answers a computer gives t o questions and the answers a human gives, then